GLOBAL MARKETS – UH OH

The U.S stock markets finished the quarter on a weak note. The S&P 500 Index

fell 4.3% while the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 0.9%. The NASDAQ

composite fell 10.3%, while the MSCI All Country World Index was flat. The

Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index rose 2.9%. U.S. Treasury rates fell

broadly as the yield curve moved back to a partially inverted yield curve. The

ten-year Treasury yield at 4.2% was 37 basis points lower at quarter-end versus

the prior quarter while the two-year Treasury yield at 3.9% fell 36 basis points.

The three-month U.S.T bill at a yield of 4.3% is now 40 basis points higher than

the 10-year U.S. Treasury note. The spread between these two maturities has

reversed dramatically from last quarter, moving back to an inverted curve. This

curve flip from normalization has occurred with a recession in view and tariff

issues front and center. 2024 had been different with no recession yet an

inverted yield curve. But that is going to change in 2025. More signs abound

that the economy has slowed and will do so further in the months ahead. As

we stated last quarter, 2024 may well have been the tipping point for the

economy, 2025 is not looking good.

The Federal Reserve has kept interest rates unchanged so far in 2025. At the

end of 2024 the markets were looking for one maybe two additional

reductions in 2025. But now at the end of 1Q2025, that has changed. Rising

levels of inflation appear to have abated with a formerly stronger than

anticipated economy. The current levels of inflation are still higher than the

FOMC’s target of two percent. While we indicated last quarter that the two

percent inflation target was unlikely to be seen in 2025, recent days have

altered our thoughts. Just last quarter we didn’t believe significant tariffs, if

enacted against our trading partners would be deflationary. More on that if the

economy slows and demand subsides. Once serious consideration for the

FOMC; there is $8 trillion dollars of US government debt (a third of the

entirety) maturing over the course of the next 12 months.

As we stated last quarter, market volatility was indeed seen in the remaining

months of 2024 and is one of 2024’s legacies. However, it already appearsthat 2025 will be markedly more volatile. As noted previously we were very

concerned about a global equity correction of even more substance and more

longevity than occurred in 2024. We believed we had seen the end of the fixed

income market correction with U.S. Bonds being back in favor. U.S equity

valuations, particularly those that are specifically technology related, are still

elevated today. The US market started the quarter trading at 23x earnings

(forward), while some of the biggest US companies traded at double or triple

that. Paying forward for a decade of anticipated growth makes little sense to

us.

While fixed income rates have fallen this quarter, the interest rate spread

between investment and non-investment grade securities continues to trade

at historically narrow levels, not reflecting realities of the economy today or

for the balance of 2025. Again, as noted, last quarter we don’t expect the

strong dollar to continue in 2025.

Our continuing search for and investment in undervalued assets requires

patience and a healthy dose of optimism for humanity.

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and it should not be relied on as such. It should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security. It does

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of, nor liability for, decisions based on such information and it should not be relied on as such. The views expressed in this

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any future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected. Any projections,

market outlooks, or estimates are based upon certain assumptions and should not be construed as indicative of actual

events that will occur.

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